Radio shack Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Radio shack - Essay ExampleThroughout the years, this tactic has facilitated RadioShack to stick at the lead of the swiftly changing consumer electronics marketplace and to stay pertinent to clients in each era. This composition will discuss RadioShacks development, employees protection and its future plans. RadioShack Corporation traces its origins to two distinct and real diverse entrepreneurial enterprises the Hinckley-Tandy Leather firm, a leather shoe parts supplier to shoe-repair shops established in 1919 Fort Worth, Texas and RadioShack, a merchandizing store as well as a mail-order operation, which was founded in 1921, Boston to take everywhere the radio officers needs aboard vessels. RadioShack rapidly grew to incorporate a number of stores within the Northeast, in accessory to a prosperous electronics mail-order production. The Hinckley-Tandy Leather firm also thrived, and during 1954, it vended its top leather corporate to enlarge its telescope of operations. During 1959, the firm shortened its title to Tandy Corporation, as well as during 1963, Tandy Corporation procured RadioShack, exhibiting the firms onset as a private electronics vender. During 2000, Tandy Corporation became RadioShack Corp., under ticker emblem RSH (RadioShack Corporation). ... Ever since, RadioShack Corporation has developed into a reputable wireless authority, retailing more than seventy three million mobile headsets (RadioShack Corporation). In more current years, RadioShacks commitment to break novel ground has encompassed launching the first chintzily priced stereo-receiver with digital-technology, the first portable cellular telephone, which consumers can install themselves as well as the first superior cable television system for connection by do-it-yourselfers. In 2005, RadioShack became a sanctioned Apple Reseller as well as later introduced Skype-certified software and hardware in storerooms for free-voice as well as video-calling over the internet. In 2008, R adioShack launched its electronics-trade-in program, which permits clients to trade expended devices for no cost to attain credit for a new procurement. In 2009, RadioShack think an extensive 2-year grass-roots edification campaign with the ALA (American Library Association) to aid customers in steering the nationwide transformation to digital TV airing in high-definition that earned a special approval from the FCC during 2010. In 2010, RadioShack began the enactment of purport Mobile wireless hubs in Target stores countrywide. In 2011, RadioShacks Verizon Wireless-the countrys largest wireless carrier, launched its business-leading serve and products in storerooms countrywide (RadioShack Corporation). RadioShack values and respects the differences mirrored in its various experiences, backgrounds and ideas. It is devoted to affording a comprehensive work environment, which fosters respect for all employees. RadioShack does not generate employment-related verdicts or victimize aga inst its

Definition of Audio Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Definition of Audio Literacy - Essay ExampleAudio materials are developed accomplishment skills in which websites are regularly updated with new content and has a variety of listening skills.Listening and perceive are the two essential components of strait literacy. The two are different terms but aim close association. Primarily, hearing is a physiological process while listening is more of psychological and they extend the cornerstone of audio literacy. In the process of passing information from one person to another, the sender encodes and expresses the psyche he intends the receiver to capture. The receiver will then interpret the message depending on the understanding of the message, which is primed(p) by the attention span. The authenticity and utilizableness of the audio literacy is determined by the ability of the students to use the audio materials effectively and efficiently. Too low or too high sounds may not be useful to the health of the students. It may not assi st them in the learning process. Essentially, audio literacy remains critical in the educational pedagogy, and it intertwines with the visual literacy (Smaldino, Lowther & Rusell,

Illusion and Perspective in Renaissance Art Essay

head game and Perspective in Renaissance wile - Essay ExampleStudiolo literally translates into study (Studiolo), and that is what its owner intend for it to be when he had it installed in the ducal palace in the small town of Gubbio in Italy. Federico de Montefeltro (1422-1482), the Duke of Urbino, licensed the studiolo in 1476 as an in-ho intent center for intellectual pursuits (Studiolo), for the study and perusal of private papers, as well as for keeping precious be retentiveings. It was also an effective conversation-piece for special guests, launching them into conversations they were unlikely to forget for a long time. But walking around the room and marveling at the excellent craftsmanship around me, I couldnt financial aid but feel that it had a much deeper purpose. I imagined that whenever the duke allowed friends and visitors to step into this tiny enclave, it was like he was allowing them a privileged peek through a window, or in this case, many windows into his very soul.Through a very clever style of wood inlaying known as intarsia, de Montefeltros designer Baccio Pontelli succeeded in showcasing practically all(prenominal) facet of the dukes personality and vast range of interests in a creatively personal manner. The Metropolitan Museum of Art describes the technique as using thousands of tiny pieces of different kinds of wood to create the illusion of walls lined with cupboards. Their wicket gate doors are open, revealing a dazzling array of the accoutrements of the dukes life (Studiolo).At the core of this technique is the use of the illusionistic perspective-an interesting contrast or, some say, complement to the humanistic realism that was prevalent in Renaissance dodge. The art of illusion, or trompe loeil (French for fool the eye), presents a scene in order to fool the witnesser into misidentify it for reality (The Illusion). The pictorial images on the wood panels of the studiolo look three-dimensional, obviously designed to make the viewer think that what he is seeing is real.As a patron of the arts, de Montefeltro would have belonged to that class of people in Renaissance Italy who could afford to have special works commissioned by expensive artists. Having the studiolo done by a top-calibre craftman showed his prominent stature in society. The tiny rooms contents further exhibited his passion for the liberal arts-literature, music, mathematics, uranology and the military arts-which, more often than not, were the domain of the learned uppercrust in 15th to 16th nose candy Europe. His jazz for learning was evident by the 30 or so books showcased in the cabinets. The presence of citterns, lutes, and harps showed that he believably preferred delicate music, such as medieval chansons and types of Baroque music. Hanging from a hook on the top shelf of one of the panels is an armillary sphere, an astronomical instrument used in the fifteenth century for teaching elementary astronomy (Studiolo). One of the mo st interesting items on display was an octagonal maam cage that is seen through a half-open cabinet, and in it is perched a parakeet and its seed box. Since such exotic birds and animals could solely be owned by royalty and other wealthy citizens, one can conclude that the duke was unfeignedly a person of great importance during his time. The parakeet, it seems, was a status symbol. It would

Applied statistics for finance and economics Coursework

Applied statistics for finance and economics - Coursework ExampleThe spread of recession globally made share damages go down dramatically. Changes in pricing is a fundamental aspect in chart analysis. Traders usually watch out for gillyflowers presumptuous a certain flush or impressions of a possible stock price diversify (McWhirter, 2008). momentum becomes a dealers partner if well analyzed and identified. The assumed logic behind price momentum is that price movements are random. A popular argument among many is that share prices change fast to portray revolutionary information and new information cannot be predicted. This, therefore, means trend analysis does not lead to a better long term performance.The actions of market participants usually determine price momentum. Traders being opportunistic the authority they are, orders tend to be placed once a given direction is determined on stock price. The more sales is experienced the upward or the downward form is increased. Th is trend proceeds until newsworthiness is out that a new trend now warrants selling or buying the stock. Price direction now becomes chaotic nevertheless not random. Taking the case of random walk argument trends testament be seen on a random manner. A good example is tossing a mint. No issue how many you toss it and land on tails the last five times, the probability in coin toss will always remain on 50%. Take another example on roulette wheel ball. The previous spins doesnt necessarily mean that one might land on red or black. The rate sits steadily on 47%. Traders who follow the random walk surmisal note that the timing of new data and news is not predictable. They also note that that stock prices change very fast with the coming of new information,The constant variation of stock market is the simple translation of volatility. Suppose today the stock market goes up, tomorrow it goes down it goes up again in the pursual five days, then this is called volatility of stock. The most common cause for this

Children's Reading Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Childrens Reading Behavior - Essay ExampleSome of these things are discussed here. Certain characteristics of a pricey pictureer are also identified. The role of a teacher is more than important in teach a child any langu period skill than that of a parent. Hence some guidelines of how to become a good teacher are also menti stard. The main idea is to inculcate a good breeding habit in our younger generation which ordain help them in future.Reading is one of the primary skills that children must acquire at an early age. Not being able to usher in hold times is a great handicap. Some children are natural readers and have the ability to come forward reading at the early age of 3, whereas others need a push. Natural readers are not to be impoverished as born readers. They do not just wake up one morning and start reading. They go through a developmental process in which parents and teachers play a vital role.Children of this age are given a favorable environment in which the y are bring forwardd to participate in educational activities such as reading. A teacher is specially trained to help guide the children in learning to like reading whereas a home environment cannot always do this. A colourful classroom, vocabulary and earn charts on the wall, objects beginning with the same letter placed together, and more similar settings will surely encourage a child to learn more eagerly. This environment is difficult to provide at home.Nursery students specially enjoys reading greenhouse rhymes. ... assroom, vocabulary and letter charts on the wall, objects beginning with the same letter placed together, and more similar settings will surely encourage a child to learn more eagerly. This environment is difficult to provide at home.Nursery students specially enjoys reading nursery rhymes. I look at that is because they have a certain tune which is easy for the young minds to memorize and the lyrics also make up an interesting tale about a character that app eals to them .It has been seen from experience that reading rhymes to this age group is one of the best ways to promote reading habits. Children will love to pick up a nursery rhyme book for reading. Parents can contribute to this easily since the rhymes being taught at school re lock the same ones that were taught in their times and I am sure parents still remember them I sure doChildren of this age enjoy being read to. It has been my personal experience that at the write up congress time when children gather around the teacher to listen to a story being told, they are about focused. They love to make guesses about what is going to happen next. I think that is the correct time to encourage a child to read further by himself in order to find out how the story progresses.Moreover, I believe that phonics has also made reading easier and interesting. Previously, when this practice wasnt followed, a child had to be told repeatedly and also had to memorize which letter made which sou nd. Phonics has made that simple. Now it is easy for a child to gent a sound with a letter thus making it comparatively simpler to form words and read them.Some children also enjoy reading at this age as they are provided encouragement from home. Parents who read aloud to their children for at least 30 mins a day are more likely to

The Challenges of Managing Generation Y in the workforce Thesis

The Challenges of Managing Generation Y in the workforce - dissertation ExampleIn this regard, business experts argon endeavoring nowadays to identify factors that are causing problems in the workplace and are putting efforts to propose solutions and alternatives that may reduce the gap between the cardinal generations, and allow the perplexity to achieve their organizational objectives. Due to such reasons, some of the major problems in this respect of attracting and recruiting Generation Y talent that is fast-paced and technologically efficient. In addition, due to conflicting workplace practices (Tulgan, 2009), a number of organizations are confronting problems in retaining and engaging Generation Y successfully due to lack of communication between the two generations. In the result, recruitment, engagement, and retaining of Generation Y have now become some of the major issues of the current decennium that are revolving around the factors, such as generational boundaries, tech nology, cultural shifts, etc.

Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health - Essay ExampleI go for shade assurance procedures to guide my daily activities by implementing the highest standard of care in my hit. I use the procedures to guide my decision-making and to direct my actions including patient care, medication administration, considerment of symptoms as hygienic as murder of doctors orders. These look assurance procedures are part of the standard requisites of the answer and are meant to manage the administration of interventions and the management of patient care. C) Explain your organisational policies and procedures in achieving quality care standards. My organizational policies and procedures in achieving quality care standards include weekly peer reviews, monthly self-assessment policies, regular trainings and updates on policies and procedures, continuing aesculapian education, and supervisory checks. My organization carries out weekly peer reviews where the practice staff per unit would meet and measure out each others work and activities, providing constructive criticism of each others work and measuring them against the standards and policies of the organization. Each worker is also asked to fill up a questionnaire of self-assessment of his/her work for each month, evaluating how well he or she measures up against the standards of the organization. ... In relation to the quality systems towards my service users, I would assess my work performance to be very satisfactory. In assessing my work performance, I believe that I have been up to(p) to effectively perform based on the quality systems of my practice. I have been able to follow the standards of my practice and implement these standards based on my specific duties as a health professional. E) Comments on the effectiveness of the quality systems in operation in your care setting The effectiveness of the quality systems in operation in my care setting are more or less within the parameters of the standards of the health profession. The best feedb ack of cogency is the patients themselves and in my care setting, the delivery of patient services has been exemplary moreover, there have been minimal complaints from our patients regarding quality of care. The patients have received care on time and at exemplary standards. Based on these elements, I believe that the quality systems in my care setting are founded on effective standards of the health practice, including patient-centred care, leadership, multiprofessional care, and go on improvement of care. F) Comments on the advantages and disadvantages of the quality systems in your organization. Advantages of the quality systems in my organization refer to the multiprofessional control set-up which the organization is implementing. This set-up has helped us achieve coordinated care, avoid repetitive interventions, prevent medical errors, and ensure the efficient use of time and resources. Disadvantages of the quality systems in my organization refer to the often imposing qualit y the system plenty present. Quality systems can

Bioterrorism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bioterrorism - Assignment ExampleBioterrorism is a deliberate attempt to discharge biological agents to spread illness and eventually death of the inhabitants of particular geographical area. These biological agents may be bacteria, viruses or their toxins, either in their natural form or in their modified forms, or with enhanced acrimony developed by humans to bring disaster. These agents provoke spread into the environment through air, water or food. It is enormously complicated to differentiate and detect the presence or these agents as they do not presentation any immediate complaints and also may not show symptoms for days. Thus, they serve as weapons which are cost-effective, trouble-free to disseminate and are capable of creating an extensive fear (Web- Bioterrorism Overview).One of the most discussed action was detect in September-October 2001 in USA where numerous cases of anthrax bust out. These cases were due to the deliberate attempt and elongate through garner carry ing the potential anthrax agent, letters were delivered to the offices of news media along with the office of U. S Congress. Receivers of the letters were victimized with anthrax. Later on when tests were performed the strains were labelled as from a domesticate source. This incidence has paved the instruction for bio-terrorism and has wagered the meaning of biodefence and biosecurity, as it is highly focused exploitation of biological techniques (Web- Bioterrorism Overview).Bioterrorism agents can be categorized on the basis of the intensity of ailments or fatal consequences they create. Three categories are enumerated on the basis of the risk they dispose. Category A encompasses agents with highest risk while Category C encompasses agents with up-and-coming frightening for disease. Agents belonging to Category A include Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin) The Plague (Yersinia pestis) Smallpox (Variola major) Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) Hemo rrahagic feverishness (Web-

Race and gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Race and gender - Essay Examplepolitical access is a matter of social class, too although all individuals, regardless of their social status, are tending(p) the individual right to vote and express their political interests, political power opportunities directly depend on social status. Therefore, social status and position is the direct prerequisite for meeting ones stinting and social objectives and the principal factor of ones individual and professional success.The growing number of women in the wear upon force has already become a routine reality. More and more women are nice executives, entrepreneurs, and specialists in various fields of professional performance. The reasons why women seek to increase their interlocking in the beat back commercialize are varied, but there are at least five common factors that collide with them choose their housework orientation and enter the labor market. First, female participation in the labor market has already become the source of e nhanced social status and even prestige among women (Lim 204). Women consider their participation in the labor market as status enhancing and want to be perceived as progress members of their society (Lim 203). Secondly, better access to education drives women to become employed for many of them, their participation in the labor market is the principal instrument of professional self-realization.Third, female participation in the labor market is an special guarantee of their independence and autonomy. Fifth, womens increased participation in the labor force helps to resolve the current conflict between female productive and reproductive roles put simply, women choose a definite travel guidebook of individual development, which they are willing to pursue (Lim 204).Some occupations are predominantly female, whereas some are predominantly male. These differences in professional male-female domination are not easy to explain, but several answers are possible. First, individuals

Criminal Law U4IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal Law U4IP - Research Paper ExampleIt normally arises when someone who was committed to supervise or monitor someone else coin or position steals the money for personal gain. The stealing of the money is a desecration of a specialty of trust which results in a distinctive crime. Embezzlement usually arises due to several circumstances such as, a bank vote counter has permitted access to client money hence trusted to handle the money or employees and officers of companies can withal misuse the companys funds since they are in charge of running the company (Fjeldstad, 2003)..Nevertheless, this does not imply that it has to be done by employing but any kind of relationship where by trust is given to individual else to manage your property. The following three elements that are essential for an event to be considered for embezzlement charges. In font any of the three sections are not satisfied, these charges will not apply to these cases. If the person was entrusted with own ership of property that belongs to somebody. Secondly, that the person hid or took the property or someway converted it to his own without the owners permission to do so. Thirdly, they had plan to do these crimes to enduringly take ownership pleasure away from the owner (Francken, 2009).There are a limitless number of ways that someone could oblige to the crime of embezzlement of public funds. Siphoning is a effectual example of embezzlement crime. This is usually accomplished by people who work in restaurants or stores. They chew over a way to getting money using the register without any discrepancies between the discharges in the electronic computer and a drawer. The item is not entered into the calculator section of the register but they keep a record of how much they pocketed after their shift.Lapping is a crime that is found in parts of the business that takes immersion payments from vendors and customers. Someone working for example church could use bank deposit for many companies and alter the statistical distribution of the

Characteristics of Business Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Characteristics of Business Leadership - Essay ExampleThis earned him a reputation as the greatest business attraction giving him honor throughout the world.This Business leaders primary promissory note of business is electronics. The various companies he has established deals with creation of information processing systems, computer platform, and computer soft ware (Lussier & Achua 2009). This shows that Steve Jobs had a passion for computers. He is also remembered for the major innovation in the computer constancy that his first companion orchard apple tree has innovated under his leadership. We do not trace another line of business that Steve Jobs lead, but that is not to conclude that his leadership style could not have been applied in another field. This is just because of his love for electronics that he had developed since his childhood.Steve Job and his friend Steve Wozniak started by setting up shops in 1976 where they assembling computers. They developed this shop to a company whose work was making computers and called this company Apple computers. On the same year when the company was established it created its first machine which Jobs called it apple I. This was just a beginning as a year by and by the company would invent its second garget, Apple II which would define the PC era and later, the Macintosh which would define a new direction for the computer industry (Lussier & Achua, 2009).Apple Computers is not the only business that Steve Jobs established. After establishing Apple Jobs went ahead to establish another company whose work was to create computer animated films. He called this company Pixar technologies. Under his leadership, this company also experienced tremendous growth in its area of operation thus making him more famous. He later established another company for developing computer platforms and called it NeXT when he was sacked from being the chief executive officer of Apple and became the CEO. This company was specializing in higher education and business

U,S Economy Change Before and After WWII Ended Essay

U,S Economy Change in the beginning and After WWII Ended - Essay ExampleMost of the sectors which oriented themselves to defense kind of production were desire electronics and aerospace. Therefore, despite the fact that numerous Americans fe ard the return of the depression that had hit the nation before the war, after this war, they got quite a a significant rise in personal income during the war that reached the year 1945. (Tassava, 2010)The deuce decades following WWII, are best described economically as Growth period. Despite the fear of most Americans that depression would haunt America again after WWII up to 1970s, the economy experienced just mild recessions. An shell to show this growth is that the period running from 1945-1960, the real GNP growth rate was (52%) fifty two percent. During the same period per capita GNP escalated by (19%) nineteen percent.Most notable after the WWII was the rise in production of consumer durable commodities. These commodities were like TVs , Cars as well as household appliances. The USs assist industries also expanded a great deal. (Walker, 1996 p

Cloud Computing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cloud Computing - Research Paper congressmanThe only requirements for a person to access the applications include a computer system and an internet connection. As long as a computer has Internet access it will be able to office the application (Cheow 2010). Categories of Cloud Computing Cloud cypher falls into three major categories, which include advantage computing, web function, and Software-as-a-Service. SaaS SaaS is the simplest way of computing because it is a single application. Cheow (2010) states, Because there is only one application it is very(prenominal) easy for the company to maintain. SaaS model helps companies save their expenses on buying hardware and software. This model too removes the maintenance costs of the computer systems and applications. This type of debauch computing delivers a single application through the browser to thousands of customers using a multitenant architecture (Knorr & Gruman, n.d.). Utility Computing If we talk virtually utility computing, we back tooth say that it is, at present, a supplemental kind of computing because it is used for the fulfillment of such of necessity that are not very critical in nature. Early enterprise adopters mainly use utility computing for supplemental, non-mission-critical needs, but one day, they may replace parts of the datacenter (Knorr & Gruman, n.d.). Web Services The third type of obnubilate computing .i.e. ... Importance of Cloud Computing Unlike traditional business applications, cloud computing eliminates the issues of hardware and software failure for its users. In traditional settings, companies need to install, configure, test, and run every application on their own. However, with cloud computing, companies run their business processes in the shape of clouds where they do not need to worry about any technical failure or information misuse. Using cloud-computing system, an industry tush experience a considerable amount of workload shift because many of the tasks a re performed online. Strickland (n.d.) states, Local computers no longer know to do all the heavy lifting when it comes to running applications. Disadvantages of Cloud Computing Along with a number of advantages of cloud computing, there also exist negative reflections of using cloud-computing services. Two of the drawbacks of cloud computing include security measure and privacy concerns and loss of control due to increased dependency. Security is the biggest concern because users of cloud computing services usually do not feel safe while sending their private data to the cloud service providers. Moreover, increased dependency on cloud service providers is also a negative aspect of cloud computing. Companies Providing Cloud-Computing Services In traditional settings, companies need to design, configure, implement, and maintain the business applications. They need to hire experts who can perform the role of application development but with cloud computing, companies run their busi ness processes in the form of clouds where they do not need to worry about any technical failure related to hardware and software. There exist some cloud-computing services providers, which provide management services, such

The needs of future generations are being met by the current policies Essay - 1

The learns of future generations are being met by the period policies of sustainable development - Essay ExampleAccording to the research of Waas, Verbruggen and Wright (2010, p. 631) the concept of sustainability comprises of the initiation of development measures which precede in meeting the needs of the present without comprising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The need for developing sustainable solutions to be implemented across the Arabian Peninsula is most urgent essentially because of certain environmental concerns regarding the incidence of air pollution in the region. The primary causes of air pollution specifically in Arabian economies which rely upon the production of oil can be attributed to 1) an increase in population 2) a rise in industrial activity and 3) the extensive use of private vehicles for commute (Ettouney and Saqer, 2012). The discussion and abbreviation which has been conducted in this paper explicates upon the incidence of a ir pollution in the urban or metropolitan centers of disjuncture States including Umm Alhyman, Riyadh, Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Jeddah. Moreover, the research also proposes a framework for promoting sustainable solutions to combat this issue and advises the respective governments of the Arab States to enforce impressive policies to address this crucial issue.The incidence in air pollution measures in Kuwait has been a scathing topic of assessment for researchers which aim to establish the extent of the damage which has been caused by related and significant determinants. Moreover, the background signal of the examination is also focused upon identifying effective tools and models which can be adapted and executed to identify important trends (University of Queensland, 1993). The research of Ettouney, Abdul Wahab and Elkilani (2009) follows this pattern by launching three comparable yet distinct models to report findings on the level of air pollution in Kuwait and its subsequent hea lth and ecological

Choose one of the lists Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Choose one of the lists - Assignment ExampleThis has resulted in progression of disunity in the country make extremist tendencies while indicating urgent need of a curriculum that plunder appreciate novelty as strength and inculcate expectations of an enlightened country and the enlightened globe. In this regard, it is rattling imperative that educators and leaders should throw off a sound knowledge and understanding of existing curriculum that will enable them to deal effectively with diversity issues that exist in curriculum. Discussion Curriculum has often been defined as the planned fundamental interaction of students with instructional satisfy, instructional resources, and instructional processes for the attainment of predetermined educational objectives (Ashraf, n.d, pg. 69). This clearly indicates that the curriculum is not a confined document, and that many factors play around the aspects of curriculum that need consideration, as in this paper, diversity of learners is the main(prenominal) focus. Principally, the teaching and learning activities are predominantly the notions that enable curriculum to include how factor in its characteristics, and thus, I believe curriculum cannot exist in confinement but it always need presence of teaching, learning, as well as assessment to ensure its existence. In other words, the curriculum refers to what is taught, whereas, the teaching and learning can indicate how it is taught that clearly signifies the interdependent relationship that exist between these notions and the curriculum and that will be very helpful in management of diversity issues in education. Traditionally, the curriculum was limited to the narrow scope of fix of courses, coursework, and their content, offered at a school of university (Riehl & Firestone, 2005). However, after detailed analysis of different curriculum documents and from course readings and discussions, I admire the 1968 definition of Kerr, where curriculum exists as All th e learning which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside the school (Lawton, 2012). This definition has somehow exceeded the bounded lot of traditional perspective of curriculum that used to confine the curriculum as only course and content and this definition, thus, can act as a basis for educational leaders to recognize and resolve diversity issues in the curriculum. Kerrs definition obviously acknowledges the importance of teaching and not keeping it in the order of jug and mug theory only but the usage of term guided itself is an indication of the usance of teacher as a facilitator that was also observed during the analysis. Moreover, while relating this definition once again, I came crossways the understanding that the knowledge is not limited to the range of content only. Rather, it goes beyond the levels of content producing a confused set of relationships that play their role during the processes of teac hing and learning after the development of curriculum and its objectives. Briefly, one cannot pull the curriculum from these factors and their relationships, which falsify traditional definition of curriculum in which it was viewed as an

Leadership and Corporate Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

leading and Corporate look - Essay ExampleHence, the point needs to be made about team selection fetching priority at the initial stages itself and then selecting and choosing team members in such a way as to ensure that people who discombobulate a history of ethical behavior are selected. This can be done at the time of hiring and recruitment itself. The team members must be hired after double-dyed(a) background checks and vetting so that any previous disposition towards unethical behavior is found out (Salmon, 1993).Leadership is all about leading from the front and by example. Hence, in that location is a need to develop leaders who are capable and also exhibit ethical behavior. This is the primary requirement for leadership. So, the teams that are to be form should have the leaders in such a way as to ensure that illegal natural process and recourse to unethical behavior is curbed. In conclusion, it is incumbent upon the team leadership to guide the team in such a way that ethical norms are followed and that the team follows normative rules of behavior consistent with those worn up by the ethics committee (McCall, 2002).2) A crisis management plan has to anticipate crises, plan for contingencies and have a mitigation strategy when the crises arise. This is the essence of a good crisis management plan. To take each of the components in turn, a good crisis management plan must be able to anticipate future crises from happening. though all crises cannot be anticipated, there are many of them that can be identified at the set-back of the planning process. These include the system outages, threat of building collapse and accidents involving personnel (Daboub, 1995).The next step would be to have a back up plan for contingencies that revolves around the ways and means to deal with the crises. For instance, there can be back up servers when the master(prenominal) server crashes leading to an outage. Similarly, there can be an alternative site that can hous e some personnel in case of damage to the main

Synergetic Solutions Report Essay Example for Free

synergistic Solutions Report EssayJust like individuals, compositions experience veer as they move through life. Change elicit happen for a variety of reasons, but in the stopping point organizations qualifying how they do things and often how they are mental synthesisd to better meet their goals- and very comm tho, to grow (Feigenbaum, 2014). Synergetic Solutions, Inc is a $6 trillion company in the occupation of system integration-assembling and reselling leading computer brands. cardinal years ago, driven by the stagnating system integration market, Har gray-headed Redd, the Chief Executive Officer of Synergetic Solutions, do forays into the vane solutions business of blueprint and implementing complex computing networks. Synergetic recently landed an order worth(predicate) $1.2 million for designing a network, while orders worth $5 million are in the pipeline. Consequently, the network solution business accounts for 20% of the total revenues of the company, whic h stand at $6 million at present. advance by this promising start, Harold Redd has do an important strategic decision. He has distinguishable to focus on the networking solutions business and raise its revenues to 80% of total sales (Human traffic and Organizational Behavior, 2014). Internal/ out-of-door Forces of ChangeExternal long suits that an organization has determine the internecine forces that drive the smorgasbord. In order for an organization to be successful, they must(prenominal) be able to adapt and recognize the internal and remote forces of alter. The external forces of change at heart Synergetic Solutions are competition, technology, and customer demands. If a business wants to stay war-ridden, it must change the dash it does business and operates. In addition, it must change what services or products it offers to its customers. Harold Redd, k current that in order for his company to stay competitive he postulate to redesign his business and move from j ust assembling and reselling leading computer brands to the network solutions business of designing and implementing complex computing networks. Technology is continually changing jobs and organizations (Robbins Judge, 2011, Chapter 18, p.590). Technology is a positive external force of change as it reforms efficiencies and processes at heart the company. Investing in upgrading technology as well allows the organization to stay competitive as an employee will be able to be more productive.Customer demands are also another(prenominal) external force in spite of appearanceSynergetic Solutions. Synergetic recently landed an order worth $1.2 million for designing a network, while orders worth $5 million are in the pipeline (Human traffic and Organizational Behavior, 2014). In order to not lose customers to the competition, organizations need to be able to have the capabilities to set up their customers needs. This involves making trustworthy that technology and tools are up-to-d ate as tumesce as the employees are learn on the new processes. The internal forces of change within Synergetic Solutions are the culture, the organizational structure and change magnitude revenue. Organizational culture includes an organizations expectations, experiences, philosophy, and shelters that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world, and future expectations (Organizational Culture, 2014). Because of external forces of change like technology, competition, and customer demands, it causes internal forces of change within Synergetic Solutions like culture, for example. Policies, procedures and expectations within a culture sometimes have to be revised or developed because of new processes and new slipway of doing business.The employees also have to be trained on these new processes or new employees with the relevant skill-sets to commit the job, will be hired. Most employees within Synergetic Solutions hav e a limited skill-set, in which they only have the basic computer assembling and troubleshooting skills (Human dealing and Organizational Behavior, 2014). Another internal force of change is organizational structure. Because of the conflicts occurring between the team leaders and the functional heads with regards to the projects, it was incumbent to restructure the organizational structure within Synergetic Solutions. The work environment and the organizational structure was redesigned in which we moved from the present departmental structure to a new team-based structure. We realigned the employees into project teams. We allowed the employees to express their concerns with regards to projects and changes and their concerns were addressed. Because of the restructuring, there is better coordination between the team members. Another internal force of change is the goal of the CEO, Harold Redd, to increase revenues of the networking solutions business from 20% of sales to 80% of sale s by the end of the next nine months. In order to successfully meet the goal of increasing revenue, change has to occur internally within the organizationranging from improving processes to upgrading employee skill-sets. Implementing ChangeThe factors that a leader need to examine to implement a change strategy successfully in this organization is that they need to put one across sure that there are clear and concise guidelines, policies, and procedures for the changes so that the employees do not revert back to their old behaviors. Another factor to consider is to make sure that the employees understand the reason for the change and have the necessary skill-sets to adapt to the change, so that they will be less likely to escape the changes. There are some(prenominal)(prenominal) change models that a leader might utilize to implement change within an organization. One change model that the leader might use to implement change within Synergetic Solutions is Lewins Three-Step Mode l. Kurt Lewin argued that successful change in organizations should follow three steps unfreezing the status quo, movement to a desired end state, and refreezing the new change to make it permanent state (Robbins Judge, 2011, Chapter 18, p.596). Within the unfreezing stage, the company is evaluating and determining what needs to change and why it needs to change within the organization. The existing system needs to be broken down onwards a new way of operating can be installed (Change Management Consultant, 2014).You have to compel good deal to understand that the old ways cannot continue in order for the company to grow (Change Management Consultant, 2014). Because Harold Redd decided to make a strategic decision to focus on the networking solutions business, this caused changes within the organization to occur. During the revolution stage, the organization starts to transition into the changes that were determined during the unfreezing stage. Within this stage, the leader is t rying to show the employees how the changes will benefit them, as well as the company. Its important to communicate and keep your employees involved in the changes. Hold meetings to communicate the changes and address the employee concerns. formerly the employees trust and understand the reasons for the change, they will be more willing to accept the change and adapt to it. During the refreezing stage, the changes that were made are becoming stabilized. At this stage, the employees are understanding the changes made and becoming comfortable with the changes.You have to make sure that the changes stick, so that the employees do notrevert back to the old ways. Throughout the Lewin Three-Step Model, effective intercourse is important. You have to ensure that you keep the lines of communication open so that employees can voice their concerns about the changes implemented. You also need to ensure that you hold meetings to make sure that the employees are utilizing the new way of operat ing within the organization. Another change model that the leader might utilize is Organizational Development. According to Robbins Judge (2011), organizational development is a collection of change methods that try to improve organizational effectiveness and employee well-being (Chapter 18, p.598).The methods value human and organizational growth, collaborative and participative processes, and a spirit of inquiry (Robbins Judge, 2011, Chapter 18, p.599). Offering incentives to the employees for competency growth and inconsistent pay packages motivated the employees to improve their skills in order to adapt to the changes. Realigning the employees into project teams and involving the employees by allowing them to voice their concerns would improve organizational effectiveness as well. Open and effective communication is key within this model because if the employees spirit engaged, involved within the process, and if they feel support from their superiors, they will be more will ing to adapt to the change. electrical resistance to ChangeResistance to change occurs because most individuals do not like change. There are several sources for resistance to change. The kind of resistance within Synergetic Solutions is habit, security, economic factors, fear of the unknown, and threat to expertise. Most plurality are stuck in their way of doing things and do not like to change. When they are confronted with change, they have the tendency to react in their accustomed ways. People with a high need of security are likely to resist change because it threatens their feelings of safety. Changes in job tasks or established work routines can arouse economic fears if plurality are concerned that they wont be able to perform the new tasks or routines. Change substitutes precariousness for the unknown. Changes in organizational patterns, may threaten the expertise of specialized groups (Robbins Judge, 2011, Chapter 18, p. 593). When employees understand the reasoning a nd logic can a change, they will be more committed to adapt to the change. One way that SynergeticSolutions can manage resistance to change is by educating and communicating to the employees the logic behind the change.Another way is by building support and commitment. You can develop a skill-set training program for the employees that will help them with the transition of the change, so that they will not have anxiety. Allowing the employees to participate, be involved and have a voice within the change process is another way in which the leader can manage resistance. Another way is to develop positive relationships. When an employee trusts the leader implementing the changes, they will be more willing to adapt to and accept the changes. found off this analysis and the implementation of the numerous changes, Synergetic Solutions is definitely heading toward the direction of becoming a networking design hothouse. As long as Synergetic Solutions maintains the changes implemented, t hey will be successful and stay competitive. To get going in market environments where change is the only constant, organizations need to be agile, flexible, and capable of adapting to change quickly (Human Relations and Organizational Behavior, 2014).ReferencesChange Management Consultant. (2014). Kurt Lewin Three Phases Change Theory. Retrieved from http//www.change-management-consultant.com/kurt-lewin.html Feigenbaum, E., (2014). Define Organization Change. Demand Media. Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/define-organization-change-2786.html Human Relations and Organizational Behavior. (2014). UOP Retrieved from https//ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/vendors/tata/sims/hrob/organization/hrob_organization_frame.html Organizational Culture. (2014). Business Dictionary. Retrieved from http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organizational-culture.html Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A. (2011). Organizational Behavior (14th ed). Retrieved from the University of Phoenix eBook show database.

The organizational theory of concept Essay Example for Free

The organizational theory of notion EssayThe organizational theory of concept involves the dynamic interplay amoung individuals in organizations, teams and leadership behaviors, and the organization itself.(Hellriegel Slocum, 2004 PG. 29) The authors define a participative style of leadership as unity the requires the leader to maintian two-way communication and to support followers in the theatrical role of their competencies. Ms. Winfrey leads her organization through a participative style. She shares the decision reservation with groups of members or on a one to one basis with adequate employees. She unwaveringly belives that she does not always have the right answers, as shown by a statement she made in reference to a sucide note written in 1981, I cried for the women I was then (Garson, 2004, p. 42).She is quoted as saying, It is all(prenominal)(prenominal) about attracting good people. I have always tried to surround myself with people who are smarter in ways that I am not. (Howard, 28 May 2006) Ms. Winfrey also encourages input from colleagues and staff. Winfreys book hunting lodge launch in September of 1996 is a perfect example of this. She relied on the opinions of others to aide her in the selections of the feature novel. Her producers and staff members are key elements in the presenting and the selection of new show tapes, as well as, powder magazine content. (Howard May 2006) Oprah is an incredibly fasscinating person. She is full of passion, humility, and strength. She treats people with respect, much resembling my parents taught me to. Her parents, like mine, believed in higher information and made sure she received the best possible education, much like mine did for me. Ms. Winfrey has incerdible self-determination, as do I. For example after I had obtained a degree in accounting and worked for solo a year, I completely changed careers to nursing. That in itself took incredible self-determination.I believe in Ms. Winfreys parti cipative style and I use it myself in all aspects of my life. At work, I always seek the teams input in planning care for a patient. I motivate my team to work together to achieve the level of organization that is required for patient satisfaction. On the home front, open communication and family based decision making is key. Everyone is involved in the decision making process, and family time holds us closely together.I am idealistic of my accomplishments as a parent, wife, and graduate student, and I encourage my children to hold people such as Oprah Winfrey in high regard. I encourage them to use her and other like her as a role model, man explaining to them that they have to do it their way, because she did it her way. I am continually using wisdom and empathy much like Ms. Winfrey to communicate with people. I practice and ecourage other to actively listen when others are speaking, and, above all else, I always try to place myself in anothers shoes.Ms. Winfrey exerts power wi th charisma. She has the ability to inspire her staff, colleagues, and audiences through not only her large scale humanitarian work but also through her person-to-person life. For eample, she created her Angel web in 1997 to donate money to a wide variety of charities. On a more personal note, Ms Winfrey was inducted into the Hall of Fame for National Assoicosiaction for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). She inspires trust within her oragnizations because she is a competent leader and she works to surround herself with compentent people. She is very charismatic, and extremly influential.This influence can be seen in the lack of tabliod intelligence activity about Ms. Winfrey. For example, her drug use, the suicide note, and her dead child were all revealed using her talk show as the platform. These are usually fodder for the tabliods, and are usually revealed against a persons will. While some scandals do practise and go for Oprah, the general public believes in her and tends to forgive her flaws and mistakes. In reference to her her influence she is quoted as saying, When I began my talk show I was so thrilled to have the opportunity that I never thought much about the tremendous influence TV could have. Now I feel the power and the colossal responiblity that comes with it. (adler, 1997, p. 60)She relies on referent and reward power to express gratitude and appreciation to her staff. She pays gratitude and respect to her staff through lyric poem of admiration. She lavishly gifts them, especially arround the holidays. An example of her reward power is the first class trips to hawaii that she gave awayt o every staff member a few years ago. The trips included first class airline tickets, remain a five-star resorts and spending money for them and their families.

Plato, The Republic of Plato Essay Example for Free

Plato, The Republic of Plato EssayI thought that Platos The Republic was very(prenominal) ambitious in its goals and for the most part, it made a lot of excellent observations nearly the dynamic of human nature. It is nearly amazing that Plato found things in the ancient times that were not save now true in the context of his life, but true for human beings in every period of time. He hit upon the key, core values that each and every person cannot get away from, no bailiwick what their government agency or place in society. The first thing that I found interesting was Platos breakdown of society. Though more other parts of his work are transcendent across many different generations, this was one part that only applies to his time frame, or so it would seem. It is fitting that he overplays the role of the warrior in society, since that is what was important during his time. Because of this, his entire dynamic is thrown out of whack in context of how it skill be viewed tod ay. He did nail some important points in regards to the human spirit itself, though. By suspension it down into three categories, he made what should have been a difficult idea into one that was very easy to understand. In particular, I found it interesting how Plato addressed money as a motivator. I think that too many authors get caught up in the idea that money is at the lineage of a lot of actions.Plato, even back then, had it right that money is simply wanted as a means to an end. Most citizenry who seek money do not do so just to have it. Instead, they want it so that they an satisfy the other primal desires that they cannot seem to shake. Plato is also correct that the quick-scented part of a person must be the controlling factor if a person is departure to be just. All too often, a person motivated by things or by emotions makes badly decisions and causes pain for others. It is interesting to see who Plato praises in his republic and who he puts down. Predictably, he l ikes to laud the philosophers for their work for the greater good. Plato does not seem to spare any sort of self adulation in this respect. He believes that what he and his fellow philosophers are doing is right. I cannot fault him for this, though. If he did not think it was just, he should stop financial backing his life this way. It was interesting, however, that he chose poets as the one group of people to completely put down in the book. After thinking about it, this is not all that surprising. Poets like to hit on exactly the enemy of what philosophers spend their life championing.They play to the emotional side of people, while the lucid side is the most just. In a way, this is a commentary on what Plato finds important in his society. He does not want a bunch of indulgent creatures running around and he does not have any patience for people who go out promoting that type of badness. Instead, he is looking for a republic where people let their rational thoughts guide them to where they need to be. He recognizes emotion as a part of the human dynamic, but does not glorify its position like poets do. That was the most telling part of the entire book.

The Basics of Supply and Demand Essay Example for Free

The Basics of Supply and Demand Essay1) Use supply and admit curves to illustrate how separately of the following events would affect the harm of butter and the quantity of butter bought and solda. An increase in the price of margarine.b. An increase in the price of milk.c. A decrease in average income levels.2). Use Supply and demand curve shifts to illustrate the effect of the following events on the market for apples. Make clear the direction of the channelise in both price and quantity sold. a. Scientists find that an apple a day does indeed march on the doctor away.b. The price of orange triples.c. A drought shrinks the apple crop to one-third its normal size.d. Thousands of college students throw in the towel the academic life to become apple pickers.e. Thousands of college students abandon the academic life to become apple growers.3) The conduct control deputation of New York City has found the aggregate demand is QD = 100 5P. Quantity is heedful in tens of thous and of flatbeds. Price, the average monthly rental rate, is measured in hundreds of dollars. The agency also tell that the increase in Q at lower P results from more three-person families coming into the metropolis from Long Island and demanding apartments. The citys board of realtors acknowledges that this is a good demand estimate and has shown that supply is Qs =50 + 5P.a. If both the agency and the board are right about demand and supply, what is the free market price? What is the change in city population if the agency sets a maximum average monthly rental of $100, and those who cannot find an apartment leave the city?b. Suppose the agency bows to the wishes of the board and sets a rental of $900 per month on each(prenominal) apartments to allow landlords a fair rate of return. If 50 percent of any long-run increases in apartment offerings comes from new construction, how many apartments are constructed?4) Much of the demand for U.S agricultural output has come from other c ountries. From warning 2.4, total demand is Q = 3244 283P. In addition, we are told that domestic demand is Qd =1700 107P. Domestic supply is Qs = 1944 + 207P. Suppose the exporting demand for wheat falls by 40 percent.a. U.S farmers are concerned about this drop in export demand. What happens to the free market price of wheat in the United States? Do the farmers have very much reason to worry?b. Now suppose the U.S government wants to buy enough wheat each socio-economic class to raise the price to $3.50 per bushel. With this drop in export demand, how much wheat would the government have to by each year? How much would this cost the government?

How Computers Effect Our Daily Lives Essay Example for Free

How Computers Effect Our Daily Lives Essay1. INTRODUCTION1.1 CommunicationCommunication is be as a surgery. We form and convey it meaning in an attempt to create sh bed understanding. This process requires a vast repertory of skills in listening, observing, speaking, questioning, analyzing, and evaluating. Use of these processes is develop manpowertal and transfers to all argonas of lifetime as home, school, community, work, and beyond. wedding and support occur owing to communication.1.2 The Importance of CommunicationCommunication is easily overlooked, but it is necessary to ingest out the thoughts and visions of an organization to the people . The importance of speech and words whether through a paper or a voice is a communication medium to convey directions. Without communication, there is no mien to evince thoughts, ideas and feelings. There ar many managements to provide communication from the organization to the people of your community. Whether through a phone, fax, email, letter, website, you atomic number 18 able to communicate your organization to the world. Things can be expressed, ideas can be shared, and thoughts can be joined. The ability and the importance of communication become a great deal to a greater extent crucial when you are on a purpose or need to perform aim. The ability to effectively communicate is very important when it is commonly underestimated and overlooked. hands and wo custody have different communication forms in many places such as at home, at work and in social life.2. COMMUNICATION BETWEEN hands AND WOMEN AT HOMEWo men always are under the responsibility at home. They incline chores in the family. Men only are to have a say on important issues. When they decide to the highest degree the subject, women usually express their opinions. Men decide to determine with their military positions. A writer says in her article The relation between the sexes occurs around a single impression superiority of man women are a lower position in value, reputation and power issues. ( Fiek 5 ) In fact, we can divide into two section at this point as the behaviors of men and the behaviors of women.2.1 The Behaviors of Men As we said above, when men decide about one subject, they see themselves superior than women. The study was through about it in the U.S.A by Sandra Lipsitz Bem. According to him, Men are characters putting themselves out, independent, determined and risk-taking. Characteristic of mens sexual role are more pronounced than women in our society. It is an obvious power that men are always at the front and on stage. If we think these on men, results arent surprising. This is an delivered conclusion in a culture where male dominance.2.2 The Behaviors of WomenWomen have great responsibilities in the home. Care of children, chores, attitude toward her conserve are very important for them. If a woman is a female employee, it is alike important. Women become more sensitive and soft c ommunicating with men. They try to speak about the events. This situation is relevant training of girls and boys. The researches which do in our society on educational and development differences between the sexes shows that men were aggressive and competitive. They are dexterous in establishing power and domination. It shows that women are raised for interpersonal relationship. ( Fiek 8 )Women create feelings of closeness by conversing with their friends. merely men dont use this way in communication, so they cant figure out why their women are continually conversation, talk, talking. Eventually, many men just tune their women out. The ubiquitous image of the housewife at the eat table talking to her husband who has his head buried in the newspaper comes to mind. Tannen observed that, For males, conversation is the way you negotiate your status in the group and keep people from pushing you around you use talk to preserve your independence for boys, activities, doing things together, are central. Just sitting and talking is not an essential part of friendship. Theyre friends with the boys they do things with.As a result, women should inhibit mens repression to gain themselves strenght. They should exhibit required behaviors to be of live status. In next section, we willing deal with communication between men and women at work.3.COMMUNICATION BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN AT WORKCommunication is very important for gender in the line of merchandise life. Problems whitethorn stand between sexes at various time.Men and women use strategies in with each other that the opposite sex may view negatively. Often, misunderstandings can be avoided when co-workers look beyond personalities and consider the different ways men and women communicate.Women are more verbally skilled than men. Mens goals in using tend to be about getting things done whereas womens tend to be about making connections to other people. Men talk to more things and fact whereas women walk more ab out people relationship and feeling. Journalist Katja Ridderbusch says in an article The problem between men and woman in the workplace is not the fact that they play by a different set of rules, Connie Glaser points out(she is Americas guru of gender talk).The problem is that they dont crawl in these rules. She considers herself a translator, a mediator between the male and the female culture. A supporter of women in the business world. But she is not a feminist, nor does she hate men, quite the opposite. With her husband Tom, who serves as the president to the American-Israel Chamber of doctor in Atlanta, she has two sons, 22 and 24 years old. In a household of three men, she says, you rapidly learn to become very thick skinned. As in all field, there are also several problems at work. The sexes should do whatever is necessary to solve them. We can see more particular this issue with two sub-title as success of men and the value given women in business life by society.3.1 The Success of Man patronage life has become a universe to men until recent years. According to them, it is built on male values and behaviors. Even writer Leyla Navaro talks about that an attitude emerged under the name of professional behavior in her book. Furthermore, it is an enviable behaviors definition. of authority. Men strike hard business interest to pass in human relationship. It includes comportments as supress feeling, impersonality, decide quickly, compete use of authority. Business conducts have been to expected of women because men think in this way.Research results that measure the relationship between high experience and success indicates that a high propotion of men. Men dont want to query their achievements in contest with women. There are also times they are unlucky. Male job applicants have to prove that they stimulate the necessary skills, whereas women are just assumed to possess them. In todays increasingly service-based economy, this may not be good news for men. ( Do men and women the same language) As shown in this article, although women are more comfortable communicating, unfortunately men dont have this feature.3.2 The Value Given Women in Business Life by SocietyAlthough men and women work under the same conditions, the society doesnt value women enough. A study which done on the success resulted different in women. Two thirds of those embrace their lives as housewife. The others work in small position at workplace. According to Alice Rose The society expect achievements appropriate to their abilities of men. Whereas women do business under the talent and skills. We dont wink at this situation and we will support them at the same time. A successful women wants to move away both men and other women. Due to competition and jealously, women want to leave alone her. According to them, this is the most effective way of punishing a woman. Women are continious communication in society. Pushing out events affects profoundly them. I nternal concerns such as unloved, exclusion lead to failure for women in business life and reduce their potential powers. They touch to show loyalty and retation to workplace. They show dependent and helpless behaviors in the face of authority figures. This situation exposes that how much value given to women in society. If women defend their rights, they can gain their freedom at work.In last section,we will look at communication between men and women in social life.

Coach †The Leading Consumer-centric Corporation Essay Example for Free

direct The Leading Consumer-centric Corporation EssayAbstractFashion trends be sensitive, and nodes are unpredictable. It makes fashion industry become a highly competitive grocery store. To survive and thrive, fashion companies need distinctive strategies. It seems aspiring but not many firms can achieve. As an exception, equipage proves its supremacy in this repugn by not walking through and through the resembling way as others rivals (e.g. Gucci, Louis Vuitton, Prada, and Hermes) have done. cultivate has created a customer-focused model and a result-driven system to lead its railway line to overcome crisis and expand market. Even though at that place still have many challenges in the fashion sector, cultivates strategy seems to be sustainable. bus topology The Leading Consumer-centric Corporation charabanc was a family-run company founded by Miles Cahn in 1941 in New York ( managing director, 2012). Coach was famous for traditional crafted leather goods, but k eeping the classic styles drove it to dramatically lose market share. Based on the excellent management of Chairman Lew capital of Kentucky, Coach shifted from a conventional leather variation of Sarah Lee Corp. to a fashion-oriented brand name and a customer-centric corporation (Boorstin, 2002). Coach has thrived not only in North America but also in Japan, China and other countries (Coach, 2012 Tsukahara, 2011). Therefore, Coachs strategy is sustainable. Successful Management in Turbulent Economic ConditionsThe secret formula for Coachs success simply comprises two components. number 1, it is the perfect collaboration between Lew Frankfort (Chairman and CEO) and Reed Krakoff (President and Executive Creative Director). Since Frankfort took his office, he implemented several typical reforms created customer data menial to examine consumer behavior, built multichannel distribution system (retail stores, mill outlets, boutiques, and online store), and hired Reed Krakoff to refre sh Coachs product design (Slywotzky, 2007).Krakoff made a variety in Coach conventional product lines by using new materials, shapes, styles, and colors to attract to a greater extent customers but not abandon its loyal fans (Slywotzky, 2007). Second, consumer-focused strategy makes Coach stand out. Based on customer information that is collected through various angles, Coach can sooner identify problems and quickly adjust. In a nutshell, Coachs success derives from a blend of understanding the consumer, being results-driven and at the same time anticipating when fashion is happening (Karimzadeh, 2004). What Makes Coach Different From its Competitors?Coach chooses to operate in its own way. First is selling high life for the mass (Gogoi, 2005). Coach ropes product prices 50% lower than Gucci or Louis Vuitton to attract cost-conscious customers (Takahara, 2008). Coachs numerous product lines satisfy diverse market segments based on ages, regions, and cultures. However, product no te must be maintained to be considered as luxury goods (Slywotzky, 2007). Second is the customer-driven operating model. Coach spends some five million U.S. dollars annually on market research to collect customer information through private interviews, telephone surveys, competitive analysis, and in-store product tests (Slywotzky, 2007). By putting customers into operating process from input (what customers desire) to getup (product testing), Coach can modify its products to satisfy customers requirement or increase production of favorite products (Slywotzky, 2007).For example, Nipponese customers usually commute to work, so they prefer small bags (Tsukahara, 2011). Moreover, database shows that customer usually visits store e real month so Coach launches its new products monthly to attract customers and give them much new choices (Slywotzky, 2007 Tsukahara, 2011). Third is the miserly management. The executives check sales operation of each store daily and frequently review each business unit as well as the total business planning (Boorstin, 2002). Lew Frankfort even visits stores a few times a week to check their operations and directly evaluate customer responses (Slywotzky, 2007).Fourth, Coach has a flexible production process by using 100% outsourcing in 16 countries about the world (e.g. Vietnam and China), which neither Gucci nor Louis Vuitton is interested in (Karimzadeh, 2004 Tsukahara, 2011). This also helps Coach cut off fixed costs, and centralize time consuming from production to sales operation. Fifth, Coach has a huge multichannel distribution system cholecalciferol stores in U.S and Canada, 300 direct-operated stores in Japan, China, Singapore and the like, a set of boutiques in particular department stores and an online website coach.com (Coach, 2012). This provides more opportunities for Coach to expand business globally. Coach Strategy is SustainableIn this highly competitive market, Coach has its own weapon to be considered susta inable understanding customers and building a solid business structure. With a huge database of 9.7 million families from different viewpoints (Slywotzky, 2007), Coach knows how to make its products fit with customer demands or even how to set reasonable prices. For example, a survey before launching the New Hamptons Lap Satchel revealed that customers were willing to pay 328$ for this product, which was 30$ higher than prediction, then Coach immediately reprinted the price tags and sales augmented (Slywotzky, 2007).Moreover, with the close management as described above, Coach runs its operation sensibly by focusing on any detailed changes in sales and customer behaviors. Besides, Coach has a diversified product category (handbag, wallet, suitcase, accessories, perfume, and clothes) with various designs and an enormous distribution channel to help Coach approach many different market segments. In an interview with dodger Business in 2011, Frankfort was confident that Coachs strateg y was sustainable in that roiled time, he only concerned about the macro economy the slowly irregular economic convalescence might affect consumer confidence in purchasing decision.ConclusionTo gain market share, Coach chooses a unique way to operate Coachs customer-centric model, together with the perfect combination of logic (represented by Lew Frankfort) and magic (symbolized by Reed Krakoff), help Coach thrive in such a very competitive fashion industry. Even though there might be many forthcoming challenges, Coachs strategy is sustainable because understanding customers helps Coach identify risks sooner and respond faster.ReferencesBoorstin, J. (2002, October 28). How Coach got white-hot The maker of the indestructible purse finally considers style. CNNMoney. Retrieved on Oct.25, 2012 from http//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=2f9ec3fa-9541-4044-87e1-2ddd37107d03%40sessionmgr112vid=1hid=127bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb=bthAN=7567234. Coach (2012). Coach financial t ear sheet. Retrieved on Oct. 25, 2012 from http//phx.corporate-ir.net/Tearsheet.ashx?c=122587. Gogoi, P. (2005, November 28). Selling luxury for the masses. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved on Oct. 25, 2012 from http//www.businessweek.com/stories/2005-11-28/selling-luxury-to-the-masses. Glick, A. (Interviewer) Frankfort, L. (Interviewee) (2011). Coach evolving its base with poppy. Retrieved on Oct. 25, 2012 from http//video.foxbusiness.com/v/3951579/coach-evolving-its-base-with-poppy/. Karimzadeh, M. (2004, March 1). Riding Coachs express No signs of slowdown as luxe brand zooms. Womens Wear Daily. Retrieved from http//www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/ move-coach-8217-s-express-no-signs-of-slowdown-as-luxe-brand-zooms-695558?full=true. Takahara, K. (2008, September 12). Coach builds brand of affordable luxury goods. The Japan Time Online. Retrieved on Oct. 25, 2012 from http//www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nb20080912a3.html.Tsukahara, M. (2011, November 26). A study of brand/ Coach keeps on riding high. The Daily Yomiuri. Retrieved on Oct. 25, 2012 from http//www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/business/T111121007083.htm. Slywotzky, A. J. (2007). The upside of strategic risk. In Oliver Wyman Journal. Retrieved on Oct. 25, 2012 from http//www.oliverwyman.com/pdf_files/OWJ-UpsideofStratRisk.pdf.

Teenage pregnancy Essay Example for Free

teenage pregnancy EssayTeenage pregnancy is defined as a teenage girl, usually at bottom the ages of 13-19, becoming pregnant. The term in everyday speech usually refers to girls who have not reached legal adulthood, which varies across the world, who gravel pregnant.Ca routines and of teenage pregnancyTeen pregnancies may result for different reasons in industrialized countries as compared to developing countries. Factors that contribute to teenage pregnancies include Customs and traditions that lead to early marriage (developing countries) Adolescent intimate behavior which may also be influenced by alcohol and drugs Lack of education and tuition or so reproductive sexual health including lack of access to tools that prevent pregnancies Peer pressure to engage in sexual activityIncorrect use of contraceptionSexual disgust that leads to rapeP overty film to abuse, violence and family strife at homeLow self esteemLow educational ambitions and goals make of teenage pregnancyR esearch indicates that teen pregnancy and motherhood can have detrimental socio frugal and psychological extinctcomes for the teen mother, her child, and her young siblings. A teen mother is to a greater extent likely to Drop out of school have no or low qualifications be unemployed or low-paid live in poor housing conditions suffer from depression which may result in suicide live on welfareThe child of a teen mother is more likely to live in need grow up without a father become a victim of neglect or abuse do less well at school become involved in crime curse drugs and alcohol Eventually become a teenage parent and begin the cycle all over againThe younger sibling of a teen mother is more likely to accept sexual initiation and marriage at a younger age Place less importance on education and employmentDisadvantages of teenage pregnancyTEEN PREGNANCY STIs, HIV AND AIDS As a result of unprotected sex, young quite a little are also at risk of sexually communicable diseases and HIV infection. The highest rates of STIs worldwide are among young pile aged 15 to 24. Some 500,000 become infected daily (excluding HIV). Two in five new HIV infections globally occur in young people aged 15 to 24. Surveys from 40 countries show that more than half their young people have misconceptions about how HIV is transmitted. Married adolescent girls generally are unable to negotiate natural rubber use or to refuse sexual relations. They are often married to older men with more sexual experience, which puts them at risk of contracting STIs, including HIV.PreventionFAMILY PLANNING AND YOUNG PEOPLE CHALLENGES Many societies, including in Malaysia, disapprove of premarital sex. As a result, young people have limited or no access to education and information on reproductive sexual health care. Modern contraceptive use among adolescents is generally low, and decreases with economic status. Fewer than 5% of the poorest young use modern contraception. Young women consiste ntly key out less contraceptive usage than men, evidence of their unequal power in negotiating safer sex or restrictions on their access to services (such as lack of information, shame, laws, health provider attitudes and practices, or social norms). Young people may hesitate to visit clinics because of lack of privacy and confidentiality, inconvenient locations and hours, high costs, limited contraceptive choices and supplies, and perchance most importantly, negative or judgmental provider attitudes. Laws and policies also may restrict adolescents access to information and services, for example, by limiting family planning to married people or requiring parental or spousal consent. A basic challenge in advocacy, especially in traditional societies, is the taboo on public sermon of sexual issues, including the fact that many young people are sexually active before marriage.

Lost in Translation Essay Example for Free

disoriented in shift EssayEva Hoffman tells an outstanding story of her familys move from Poland to the States in the late 1950s when Eva was a young 13 years old. Lost in Translation portrays Evas maturity through the growing pains of identity through her immigration experience. Language, culture, and perception are considered in Evas memoir of the immigrant experience. These are issues that most interpreters have encountered. When learning a new language we experienced a degree of the dislocation so eloquently described.Many aspects of Evas life change when she moves to Canada. Evas first day of initiate in Canada immedately protrays the new lifestyle in which she encounters. The teacher is unable to properly pronounce her name, Ewa, and is quick to modify the name to Eva. Many immigrants, presumably, go through the identical occurance. Words do not sound the same or are not easily pronounced in a different language so they are changed to something easier in the language. Not only is Evas language lost, at this point her entire identity is desolate from her.Passion for the piano soon is lost with Evas new life in America. Culturally, the piano is not as prestigious of an occupation in Canada as it was in Poland. Writing becomes Evas new passion. Being able to tout ensemble grasp, understand, and articulate herself is what Eva wanted to express in life. Instead of expressing herself through music as she once had, she verbalised herself through words.Each section can be seen as a period of growth. Paradise is fantacy, childish, and nave. Exile describes adolescences, where finding oneself and an understanding of the world is through growth. And ultimately, the New World portrays Evas maturity of life experiences. She is finally able to truly comprehend her past and present world. Concluding the story Eva says, The way to jump everyplace my Great Divide is to crawl cover song over it in English. Its only when I retell my altogether story, back t o the beginning, and from the beginning onward, in one language, that I can reconcile the voices within me with each other.Lost in Translation gives an analogy of Eva being lost, referring to lifeas she immigrates into America. Eva also struggles with losing herself in the process of displacement reaction from Polish to English. As Eva matures and gains an understanding of the English language, culture, and life as a whole, she is able to go back in time to analyze and connect what really occurred throughout her life. Translation may be practiced as problematic as it pertains to the self introduced into a new language and culture as to lingually understanding the language itself.

E-Business Infrastructure Essay Example for Free

E-Business Infrastructure judgeThere is a need for businesses today to take advantage of e-business in order to achieve their organisational goals and objectives. The world market today is competitive and so for any business organization to achieve a market shargon for its goods and services, it had to develop a well enhanced e-business infrastructure in order to overturn a wider market. Cost of business operations is greatly reduced by use of E-Business since customer brave costs are reduced and customers are able to serve themselves at their convenient time. As for the subject area of dilatory organization which has a live music venue, that serves as both as a criterion and a restaurant, it should take advantage of e-business in order to add reduce costs of operation and increase client base. It is necessary for jailhouse to command it incorporate all the required infrastructure in its website in order to ensure it is a position of coping up with e-business demand. H owever, many businesses with website fail since they do non adequately take into consideration all the requirements of e-business infrastructure, thereby, their e-business fail to meet their demand.Some of the required technical infrastructures for e-business entangleHardware Software Technology of Internet and server Security solutions Intranets Extranets Myriad of applications Supply chain focal point that is integrated. Business intelligence 2As for Pokey organization, it should be aware that infrastructure is more than engine room hence it should be well considered in the implementation. They should be aware that infrastructure includes A number of sources that would supply syllabus services of technology. All the skills and expertise that may be required in order to deliver technology of infrastructure. All the processes that would be required to manage the entire infrastructure. Finally, it also involves all the necessary investments that would be take for better operatio ns and functioning of the entire IT infrastructure for the purpose of delivering e-business solution that would be appropriate in the modern world.Infrastructure involves an interaction that is vibrant as it also includes tools, people who are skilled and processes. For this case, Pokey organizational infrastructure has to be well built taking into consideration that it includes are the required facilities that are required in building and launching a website that would be simple to understand and interactive. 3In conclusion, Pokey organization will achieve their organization goals and objectives if they develop a website that would incorporate the entire required infrastructure. The website would ensure that the organization is in a position of meeting the entire e-business demand. This will also ensure that the organizational objective of maximizing profits is achieved since they will reduce operational costs such a customer services while at the same increases their client base. 1 McConnell Associates (2000) An intelligently Managed Network Infrastructure for E-Business, Retrieved from, http//www.cisco.com/application/pdf/en/us/guest/products/ps2428/c1244/ccmigration_09186a0080088a2b.pdf, on June 19, 20072 Optima Media Group (2006) Building the e-Business Infrastructure Management Strategies for Corporate Transformation, Retrieved from http//www.business-intelligence.co.uk/reports/ebus_infra/default.asp, on June 19, 20073 McConnell Associates (2000) An Intelligently Managed Network Infrastructure for E-Business, Retrieved from, http//www.cisco.com/application/pdf/en/us/guest/products/ps2428/c1244/ccmigration_09186a0080088a2b.pdf, on June 19, 2007

Cell Organelles Worksheet key Essay Example for Free

mobile phone Organelles Worksheet key Essay

What are the main risks faced by banks and how does a bank attempt to manage these risks?

What are the main adventures introduce up by banks and how does a bank attempt to manage these gambles? What are the main adventures faced by banks and how does a bank attempt to manage these lucks? All companies which have a profit maximising objective own a certain degree of take a chance whether through microeconomic or macroeconomic factors. Banks also face a number of risks atypical of non monetary companies due to the payment and in confinesediary function which they perform. Recent diversifys in the banking environment has lead to an increased compact to tap shareholder value, this means that banks take on a high risk in order to gain a higher egress. It is due to this increased pressure and market unpredictability that banking risk needs such in force(p) management to ensure the banks continued solvency. venture fanny be delimit as an exposure to uncertainty of outcome caked by the volatility (standard deviation) of net silver flow within the firm. Banks aim to add equity to the bank by maximising the risk adjusted return to shareholders highlighting the importance of fully considering the risk and return business equation. scene to risk does not always lead to a loss, pure risk only has a downside from the pass judgment outcome but speculative risk can produce either a better or worse result that expected. Credit risk is the risk that the counterparty will fail to repay the loan in part or full. This includes delayed payments or whatever default on the loan agreement. It is widely receipt that credence risk is one of the most damaging risks to banks, for this reason on that point is usually a burst credit section run around a credit culture of the managements views. The objective of the credit department will be to maximise shareholder value added through credit risk management. To manage credit risk banks do sometimes take a gage over the loan such as property or shares which the bank can take possession of in the topi c of default on the loan agreement. If the market prices of the security become volatile the bank may ask for more security to offset the probability of marginal default increasing. Credit constraints are implemented to make sure there is a restriction on certain loan agreements to a limited category of borrower, well outlined credit limits will reduce the risk of adverse selection. Pricing the loan is a technique which uses a risk adjusted amplitude to determine the appraise of interest on a loan, with the riskier the loan the higher the premium, although a higher interest rate may increase probability of default so must be monitored regularly. The final credit risk management method is to reduce credit losses by building a portfolio with diversification among low and high risk lending. This essentially offsets high risk and return lending with low risk and return lending to minimise any losses incurred. A similar but more specific concept to credit risk is sovereign risk i nvolving risk that a government will default on a loan agreement from a semi surreptitious sector bank. This case is unusual because if a government sates that the default is due to movement of resources to resolve national issues it can declare the loan agreement void due to immunity in the legal process, this will barrier debt recovery through the taking the possession of assets and often leave the bank with partial or full loss of the loan. Debt repudiation is an extreme case where the government no longer recognises their debt or obligations to creditors. cod to riddles and the high risk associated with government lending a foreign currency sovereign credit place was defined in an attempt to enable informed investor lending decisions. An interest rate is a premium paid in order to consume resources in the leave rather than at a by and by date. Interest rate risk is loss or gain in the value of a redact due to changes in the interest rate, it is a speculative risk becaus e the changes in interest rates can lead to both a positive and contradict result. There are two types of interest rate which are fixed rate and rate sensitive, the simpler form of risk lies with fixed rate assets and liabilities because a change in the interest rate above or below the fixed rate with lead to a loss or gain in ceiling. Simulation approaches are highly complex and involve an assessment of the potential changes of interest rates on earnings, future economic value and impact on cash flow. Static simulations assess only the cash flow of on and off balance sheet activity, whereas driving simulations build a model predicting the future changes of interest rates and expected changes in the banks activity. The best cognize interest rate risk management method is kerfuffle analysis. This is a detailed analysis of the gap between interest rate sensitive assets and interest rate sensitive liabilities over a specific duration. A rate sensitive asset or liability is define d by an asset or liability in which the cash flow changes in the same direction as interest rates. The changes in interest rates have a detrimental effect if there is a mismatch between rate sensitive assets and liabilities, this is because if the take aim of rate sensitive liabilities is higher than rate sensitive assets, an increase in interest rates will lead to less profits. High quality interest rate risk management can effectively increase or decrease the gap in order to maximise revenue. Operational risk is defined at the risk of loss from a breakdown in national processes and/or management failure. This can occur through different events such as a righteousness suit, systems failure, or handicap to assets and its effects can lead to an increase in unsystematic market risk and silverity risk. Although there has been significant importance placed upon operational risk there is at present still no clear method of measuring its risk and effects on a full general basis. Th e Basle II provided three suggested methods of calculative the operating risk of a firm. The basic approach allocates capital victimisation gross income as an indicator for the banks exposure to operational risk. The Standardised approach divides the bank into business units and lines and uses singular indicators to calculate a department specific level of exposure to operational risk. The final method of calculating operational risk is the native measurement approach which allows apiece bank to use individual internal loss data to determine the capital allocation. Market risk is the risk of movement in the price function of fiscal instruments, resulting in the loss/gain in value. It is a speculative risk, measured by the probability in potential loss/gain in value of a portfolio. The risk occurs in two separate forms Systematic market risk is caused by the price movement of all fiscal instruments due to changes in the macroeconomic climate. Unsystematic risk occurs when an ins trument moves out of line with the rest of the market due to internal factors with the issuer. Systematic market risk can be prepared for in event of downturn in the economic climate by capital allocation to the specific risk mensural by the risk adjusted rate on capital. Value at risk is a measure of potential losses incurred to a portfolio due to adverse market price movements often used in risk management. Unsystematic risk can be offset by diversifications of investments into several different countries and/or industries affectively spreading the risk in attempt to avoid huge losses in specific sector investment. The diversification of investment into foreign countries may increase the potential probability of currency risk. Exchange rate flexibility exposes all firms with a short or long term position in any given currency to currency risk. Globalised markets have lead to increases in multinational firms and foreign investment, increasing the level of foreign change over and political risks. Any exchange of money in a currency separate than the firms home currency would be expressed as a purchase of foreign currency. Foreign exchange transactions can involve many forms of on and off balance sheet financial instruments. season analysis can be used to compare the value of foreign bond to the foreign or domestic currency interest rates. Measures of net risk exposure for each currency can be assessed using gap analysis and will be equal to the difference between assets and liabilities in each currency. Political risk arises through the risk of political interference in the operations of a private sector bank, the exposure of which can range between interest rate and exchange regulations to the nationalisation of the financial service industry. The main factors which have been stated as to affect political risk is internal or external armed conflict, democratic government, and government stability. The level of Liquidity risk can affected by many of the other risks and is defined as the risk that the bank will have insufficient liquid assets on its balance sheet and is therefore unable to fulfil financial commitments without the sale of assets this is generated from a mismatch in size and maturity of assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or due to loan defaults with a surge of down paymentor demands. Day to day liquidity risk (funding risk) relates to the daily withdrawals and is predictable due to low depositor withdrawals, if there was a surge of withdrawals then many banks would rely in loans from the interbank market to cover the short term illiquidity. A more unpredictable risk also arising from increased depositor withdrawals is a liquidity crisis. The increase in withdrawals often stems from lack of confidence in the bank, this situation will force the bank to borrow at an elevated interest rate or rely on central bank intervention and deposit insurance to avoid a run. In this situation the central bank can provide nu triment in the form of high interest loans or advances, however this is costly and can further damage the banks reputation. Ideally the bank could use a method of maturity matching to guarantee liquidity and overhaul the funding risks. This is the coordination of cash flow by matching the maturity of an asset with the maturity of a liability. This is unconvincing to be a widely used approach as asset transformation is a call source of banking profit. Usually the bank will hold a certain level of liquid assets to tell creditors and signal to the market that the bank is doing well, an increase holding of liquid assets will avoid the liquidity problem but due to a trade off between liquidity and profitability lower return on investments. The most widely used technique of managing banks liquidity is Gap analysis, the liquidity gap is defined by the difference between net liquid assets and unpredictable liabilities. This gives the ability to monitor available capital over time. Fina ncial services differ from other firms because of the high level of financial risks that they assume through the payment and intermediary functions. It is therefore critical to manage the risks faced to ensure solvency and to maximise the firms value added. In some cases the management of an individual risk can have a positive or negative effect on another risk which shows that they are not mutually exclusive. Many of the main financial crises have risen from a combination of risks surrounding losses due to poor credit risk management, it is all important(predicate) to highlight diversification of a portfolio and asset liability management as influencing factors in effective risk management as they can reduce the probability of several risks. In the future it is important to continue developing new formal and quantitative risk management processes to ensure continues solvency within the financial services industry.

The Traditional Narrative Structure Of Thomas Hardy English Literature Essay

The Traditional Narrative Structure Of doubting Thomas Hardy English Literature EssayIn order to assess the validity or other than of Thomas Hardys assertion, we first need to consider whether or not any such construct as conventional fib structure can properly be said to exist and, assuming that it does, succeed a definition of what this structure might be. This is not as straightforward as it may appear. For star thing, there be many antithetic traditions in knowledge base literature and therefore many different concepts of traditionalistic narrative structure. It would be unwise, for instance, to tone-beginning to assert that the storytelling devices employed by the anonymous authors of the stories later compiled as The 1,001 wickednesss or The Arabian Nights Entertainments complied in all respects with the narrative strategies pursued by Dickens, Trollope, Defoe, Austen and the other writers of the reinvigorated take as it has been at a lower adornstood and developed over the past two hundred years deep down Western society.It is possible to under can from Hardys statement the benign of narrative structure that he had in mind, the proficiency from event A to B to C suggested by the regular formulation of beginning, middle and expiry. That Hardys statement should indicate a strong implied attachment to this sort of narrative structure is in no way surprising, for it was an measurable aspect of his writing.However, there had already been changes to what Hardy considered the traditional narrative style. Narrative trickery of one kind or another had been app bent in many authors works. Experimentation with form began very early on in the new(a)s development. Indeed, it is arguable that such experimentationalism had been present in the English novel since its earliest days. Samuel Richardsons Pamela or chastity Rewarded , for instance, arguably one of the first novels create verbally in English, may conform to the beginning-middle-end for mula looked upon so fondly by Hardy one hundred years later, alone it is farthermost from being a standard third party text. The book is an epistolary novel, which is to say that it consists of a series of interlinked texts, purporting to be letters written by the novels protagonist and no fewer than five other correspondents, each of whom has his or her unique literary style, psychology and point of fascinate.Richardson was not the first novelist to adopt this epistolary mount. Other writers, both in France and England, had preceded him. hitherto there is no doubt that Richardson displayed a profound and unprecedented facility with the form. In Margaret Drabbles speech communication, he brocaded the form to a level hitherto unknown and transformed it to display his own grumpy skills.1And Richardson was not the whole English novelist to have perished sharply from Hardys norm during the English novels formative years. His inventiveness and willingness to experiment with fo rm had been equalled by several(prenominal) other writers, closely importantly Lawrence Sterne. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, published in several parts between 1759 and 1767, stands out as a paragon of unconventionality even today. Its many stylistic novelties and tricks of form include flashbacks, typographical eccentricities, missing pages and multiple perspectives. Not for nothing has it been referred to as the progenitor of the 20th atomic number 6 stream-of consciousness novel2The traditional narrative structure that Hardy had in mind had, therefore, been altered and subverted from in spite of appearance for many years prior to the start of his own literary career. It is, nonetheless, true that the notion of a novel having to possess a beginning, middle and end had become firmly infix in the psyche of most lectors and writers by the late Victorian era. Hardy suspected that the dominance of the traditional narrative structure was under threat by the time he ab andoned novel writing around the beginning of the twentieth century.The Age of Realism, in many ways the last great affirmation of the Enlightenment, with its impressively self-confident creed in reason and in reasons access to the touchable, drew to an end as the nineteenth century began to shed into the twentieth,3writes Andr Brink in his overview of the novels abundant development as a formIn a tumultuousness of uncertainty prefiguring Eliots later wry conviction that human kind/ Cannot bear very much reality, contemporaneity was born. A remarkable revolution swept through all the arts. The faith in representation, which for so long had shaped Western culture, was wavering and, in Santayanas famous phrase, mankind was starting to dream in a different key4 some(prenominal) novels, Italo Calvinos If on a Winters Night aTraveller and adept Hundred age of seclusion by Gabriel Garcia Marquez are arguably experimentations into a different style of traditional narrative fictio ns, that are far required from what Hardy had in mind.If on a Winters Night a Traveller is probably Calvinos ruff known novel, published in Italian in 1979 and translated into English by William Weaver in 1981. Since thence it has become firmly established as a classic of post-modern fiction. An examination of the books form quickly explains why. farther from being a conventional narrative, in which events are expound from the outside by an omniscient cashier and everything proceeds smoothly from an initiating incident to a denouement, the novel has a bewitching and playful form. It is self-reflexive, in that it is a book about a reader who is trying to read a book called If on a Winters Night a Traveller. The first chapter and each subsequent alternate chapter are written in the back up person. They form a linking narrative between the intervening, even-numbered, chapters, which all purport to be extracts from various books which the reader tries, at different times, to readYou are about to begin read Italo Calvinos new novel, If on a Winters Night a Traveller. Relax. Concentrate. Dispel every other thought. Let the world around you fade. Best to close the brink the TV is always on in the next room.5One prominent way in which If on a Winters Night a Traveller resists traditional narrative structure is by violating boundaries of the structure. These are the boundaries comprised by the inside and the outside of the novel. If on a Winters Night a Traveller resists these boundaries because its premise is a readers attempt to read a work entitled If on a Winters Night a Traveller, whilst being conscious(predicate) that the narrative is instructing the reader to read and how to. This external, authoritative narration in the narrative has the solvent of rupturing any traditional narrative sequence in move on ways. It causes there to be various acts of construe, both within and without the text, which are out of synch with each other. A key pattern of this is Calvinos statement that, You are about to begin reading Italo Calvinos new novel If on a Winters Night a Traveller.6Not only is the readers identity destabilised by the fact that the you may refer to the reader outside or the reader inside the text in a way not common in traditional narrative, but as well the acts of reading are temporally disrupted You are about to begin reading Italo Calvinos new novel If on a Winters Night a Traveller, the boundary of narrative, narrator and reader is broken, the reader is being instructed by the narrative to read. another(prenominal) key example of the boundaries, set out by traditional narrative is the set of short orders, orders tell at us, the reader, to physically move our bodyStretch your legs, go ahead and put your feet on a cushion, or two cushions, on the arms of the sofa, on the wings of the chair, on the coffee table, on the desk, on the piano, on the globe. Take your shoes off first. If you want to, put your feet up if not, put them back. Now dont stand there with your shoes in one hand and the book in the other.7This address to the reader has the effect of pulling the reader into work. This is very much a departure from Hardys view of the traditional narrative form. However, this is not to say that there is not a traditional narrative thread binding the work together. As the book continues, a clear, if unconventional, story begins to take shape. The reader, who is referred to and addressed throughout the novel becomes the protagonist in a convoluted narrative that revolves around an international conspiracy involving fraud, a mischievous translator, sinister government agents and a number of other elements. There may not be a traditional plot embedded in the book, but there is certain(prenominal)ly a plot and it is one that has enough narrative heft to keep a reader enthralled. There is a clear sense, throughout the book, that the author is solicitous to the reader and eager to retain his or her interes t. This desire to aid the reader is borne out by something Calvino once wroteMy work method has more often than not involved the subtraction of weight. I have tried to gain weight, sometimes from people, sometimes from heavenly bodies, sometimes from cities above all I have tried to remove weight from the structure of stories and from language.8If on a Winters Night a Traveller also highlights the problems of the one dimensional aspect of traditional narrative structures. If on a Winters Night a Traveller resists linearity. Traditional narrative structures are mentioned only in the context of their non-appearance, complaints such as that of chapters interrupted right at the culminatelets hope we get to the end satisfactorily.9Here the vocabulary of traditional narrative climax and satisfying ending, though present is subverted. Calvino comments on his own narrative throughout and his most clear comment on this particular form of resistance to traditional narrative structures occu rs when, making explicit the sexualised connotations of interrupted climax, and satisfying ending, he describes howLovers reading of each others bodies differs from the reading of written pages in that it is not linear. It starts at any point, skips, repeat itself, goes backward, insists, ramifies in cooccurring and divergent messages, converges again, has moments of irritation, turns the page, finds its place, gets lost. A direction can be recognized in it, a route to an end, since it tends toward a climax, and with this end in view it arranges rhythmic phases, metrical scansions, recurrence of motives. But is the climax really the end? Or is the race toward that end opposed by another drive which works in the frigid direction, swimming against moments, recovering time?10One Hundred Years of solitude could loosely be described as a family saga. It deals with the varying fates of numerous individuals drawn from seven generations of one South American family, but it is in not a typ e of narrative. The book includes multiple time-frames and numerous supernatural elements, including ghosts and prophecies, all of which are treated in a matter-of-fact fashion by the novels many mentions. This makes it a clear incarnation of magic naive realism and it has, indeed, been identified by many critics as the quintessential magic realist text.11The American perception fiction and fantasy author Gene Wolf, for instance, has said that Magic realism is fantasy written by people who speak Spanish,12while the British fantasy author Terry Pratchett has said that it is like a polite way of saying you write fantasy13. Despite the difficulty many have experience in pointing out its exact nature, however, the term continues to have resonance for many readers and One Hundred Years of solitude continues to be seen as its most shareistic text.What is it about this book that qualifies it as magic realism and in what way is its narrative distinguishable from Hardys cherished mode of traditionalist storytelling? The books difference is undoubtedly the fab and timeless quality Marquez brings to bear in his treatment of the fictional town of Macondo and its multi-layered connection with the Buenda family, whose patriarch, Jos Arcadio Buenda, is also Macondos founder. Macondo is, in a way, a leading character in the novel and in so far its geography and character remain remarkably opaque throughout. As Ian Johnston has pointed outThere is something clearly magical about the world of Macondo it is a state of mind as much as, or even more than, a real geographical place (we learn very little about its actual physical layout, for example). And once in it, we must be prepared to meet whatever the imagination of the author presents to us.14The capacity of the imagination to which Johnson alludes is immense, and so the might to enforce a willing suspension of disbelief in the mind of the reader that co-exists with it15. It is Marquezs ability to make the reader acc ept and even fail to question events that could not possibly take place in the real world that give One Hundred Years of Solitude its unique flavour. An splendid example of the kind of trick Marquez plays repeatedly, comes early on in the novel when an act of suicide is followed by a physically impossible perambulation by a trail of bloodA drip mold of blood came out under the door, crossed the living room, went out into the street, continued on in a straight line across the uneven terraces, went down steps and climbed over curbs, passed on the Street of the Turks, cancelled a corner to the right and another to the left, made a right angle at the Buenda house, went in under the closed door, crossed through the parlour, hugging the walls so as not to speckle the rugs, went on to the other living room, made a wide curve to avoid the dining-room table, went along the porch with the begonias, and passed without being seen under Amarantas chair as she gave an arithmetic lesson to Au reliano Jos, and went through the pantry and came out in the kitchen 16The blend together of the real with the imagined, the plausible with the impossible, is what characterises the book throughout. Time becomes a blur, characters reflect the personalities of long dead ancestors or unborn descendants, history and chronology are obscured by the interplay of broadly similar events (invasion after invasion, birth after birth, devastation after death). Only Macondo seems stable, in the end, and yet even Macondo blows away to nothingness in the final, apocalyptic chapter, go forth the reader uncertain regarding the status of everything that has happened.And yet, all of this has to be set alongside the extremely detailed and cogent nature of Mrquezs writing. He may be concerned with the fantastical and the fabulous but he also a sharp-eyed literary observer. The translator Edith Grossman made exactly this point when she gave the keynote livery at an event held in New York in 2003. Fo cusing on the quality of his prose and on his approach to narrative, Grossman said of MrquezHe is a master of physical observation Surfaces, appearances, external realities, spoken words everything that a truly observant observer can observe. He makes almost no allusion to states-of-mind, motivations, emotions, internal responses Those are left to the inferential skills and deductive interests of the reader. In other words, Garca Mrquez has turned the fly-on-the-wall point of view into a crucial aspect of his narrative style in both fiction and non-fiction, and it is a dodge that he uses to stunning effect.17One Hundred Years of Solitude also resists traditional narrative structures with its coition to traditional boundaries of, and within, narrative. If on a Winters Night a Traveller contravenes boundaries One Hundred Years of Solitude goes further by collapsing these traditional boundaries. A very significant way in which this is affected is through the names in the novel. Sprea d over several generations, there are three women with a given name Remedios, five male characters with the forename Aureliano, and five characters sharing both a forename and a nickname Jos Arcadio. What should be a straightforward, linear piece of historiography is made more complex and convoluted by Marquez. It becomes ill-defined exactly which characters of the names Aureliano, Remedia or Jos Arcadio are interacting at certain points in the narrative. One such example is that of Aureliano and Amaranta Ursula, in the rooms where Colonel Aureliano had also made love, made mad love on the floor of the porchthey were change by a torrent of carnivorous ants who were ready to eat them alive.18One Hundred Years of Solitude often resists traditional narrative structures at the same time as drawing attention to them. One key example of this is the flashback with which the novel begins. As a traditional narrative structure, the flashback has a very definite sense of the present through which the past is framed. However, Marquez resists this traditional structure by destabilising this present tense, and the presence of the character having the flashback many another(prenominal) years later as he faced the firing squad, Colonel Aureliano Buendia was to remember19The suggestion of a traditional flashback is preserved in the act of remembering, yet Marquez resists the traditional structure of the flashback by locating it into the future , Many years later, was to remember, a ruptured linearity which is, in a further resistance to traditional narrative structures, explained only at the end of the novel, when Aureliano finally realises that the parchments he discovered are a prophecy of the novels events at that exceeding instant Melquiades final keys were revealed to him and he saw the epigraph of the parchments perfectly placed in the order of mans time and space.20Both One Hundred Years of Solitude and If on a Winters Night a Traveller depart quite radically from t he traditional narrative structure utilised by Thomas Hardy and yet neither Marquez nor Calvino is willing to jettison the idea of narrative or deny their readers a satisfying run across with the elemental power of storytelling. These texts resist traditional narrative but they do not reject or repudiate narrative itself. On the contrary, they provide meaning and pleasure by taking the novel further and beyond the structure in which Hardy worked in. Both writers resist traditional narrative structure by rupturing the linearity of the narrative and creating problems of time and engagement of the reader.Bibliography